两者均需 import os
(1) os.system
# 仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令，而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息
system(command) -> exit_status
Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.
# 如果再命令行下执行，结果直接打印出来
| 2 | 04101419778.CHM bash document media py-django video |
| 3 | 11.wmv books downloads Pictures python |
| 4 | all-20061022 Desktop Examples project tools |
(2) os.popen
# 该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象
popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
例如：
| 01 | >>>tmp = os.popen('ls *.py').readlines() |
| 04 | ['dump_db_pickle.py ', |
| 05 | 'dump_db_pickle_recs.py ', |
| 10 | 'make_db_pickle_recs.py ', |
| 12 | 'peopleinteract_query.py ', |
| 16 | 'update_db_pickle.py ', |
好处在于：将返回的结果赋于一变量，便于程序的处理。
(3) 使用模块subprocess
| 2 | >>> subprocess.call (["cmd", "arg1", "arg2"],shell=True) |
获取返回和输出:
| 2 | p = subprocess.Popen('ls', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) |
| 3 | for line in p.stdout.readlines(): |
(4) 使用模块commands模块
| 3 | ['__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'getoutput', 'getstatus','getstatusoutput', 'mk2arg', 'mkarg'] |
| 4 | >>> commands.getoutput("date") |
| 5 | 'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009' |
| 7 | >>> commands.getstatusoutput("date") |
| 8 | (0, 'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009') |
注意： 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字，那么建议使用subprocess，如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误:
| 1 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
| 2 | File "./test1.py", line 56, in <module> |
| 4 | File "./test1.py", line 45, in main |
| 6 | File "./mailfax/Fax.py", line 13, in sendFax |
| 8 | UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not inrange(128) |
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